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Other Parts of This Series: Part 17: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 17 (ARP Is The Bridge Between Data Link and Network Layer) Part 19: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 19 (TCP and UDP Are The Backbone of Transport Layer) DevOps Networking NAT & PAT (Photo Credit: Unsplash) Story: Rasel found that the one and only unique need to communicate with each other throughout the internet is an IP address. Every host/device needs a universally unique IP address so that routing can be possible from source to destination. Also, while Rasel played with packet tracing and IP addresses, he observed that the inner and outer IPs were not the same. When a packet passes through the router to the internet, then an IP change happens. Besides this, the most used IP address scheme is IPv4, which has 4 bytes or 32 bits, and the universally unique IP can be 2^32 or ~4.2 billion IP addresses. But as the Internet grew in popularity, the industry realized there would one day be more hosts on the Internet than there were IP addresses available. So IPv6 was created, but it is complex and not mostly used. So Rasel wanted to know the magic behind this IP changing. ...

Other Parts of This Series: Part 16: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 16 (How DNS and DHCP Operates in Application Layer) Part 18: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 18 (NAT, PAT For Inner Private with Outer Public Network Handshaking) DevOps Networking ARP (Photo Credit: Unsplash) Story: After exploring the source and destination IP resolution process in application layer using DNS and DHCP, Rasel now wanted to explore in low level how this IP is actively used in other layers. He observed that an IP address is the logical addressing scheme for nodes on a network. IP addresses exist at the Network layer of the OSI Model and help facilitate the L3 goal of “end to end” delivery. On the other hand, a MAC address is the physical addressing scheme for individual NIC cards on each node of a network. MAC addresses exist at the Data Link layer of the OSI Model and help facilitate the L2 goal of “hop to hop” delivery. But in this point, Rasel was every curious to know the depth process how this 2 logical and physical addressing correlate with each other. ...

Other Parts of This Series: Part 15: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 15 (Learn Fundamental Networking Theoretical Knowledge) Part 17: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 17 (ARP Is The Bridge Between Data Link and Network Layer) DevOps Networking DNS & DHCP (Photo Credit: Unsplash) Story: Rasel learned the basic theoretical networking knowledge. He also understood how all the communication works by combining different important parts from the high level. But he was also curious to know the low level. First he wanted to start from the application layer (Layer 7 in OSI, Layer 4 in the TCP/IP model). He learned that the source and destination IP are resolved in the application layer and those used in other layers, like the session layer and so on. Now he was genuinely interested in how this source and destination IP resolving works behind the scenes in detail. Thus Rasel deep dives in exploring. ...

Other Parts of This Series: Part 14: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 14 (Why Need Networking, What Theoretical and Practical Knowledge Should Know) Part 16: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 16 (How DNS and DHCP Operates in Application Layer) DevOps Networking Theoretical Knowledge (Photo Credit: Unsplash) Story: Rasel found out why networking is essential in DevOps and overall software engineering. He breaks down the concepts into two categories: one is theoretical, and the other is practical. So he decided to start learning with the theoretical concepts. Because a strong understanding and clarity about these concepts is a must and important before starting any further. And Rasel started as planned… ...

Other Parts of This Series: Part 21: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 21 (Shell Scripting - Tool For Automation Repetitive Task) Part 15: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 15 (Learn Fundamental Networking Theoretical Knowledge) DevOps Networking Knowledge (Photo Credit: Unsplash) Story: Rasel heard and saw network engineering a lot more times when exploring and studying DevOps. He began to realize that practically every tool used in DevOps had some sort of connection to networking. Rasel therefore made a decision to understand the significance and essence of networking before moving forward, and he took action accordingly. ...

Other Parts of This Series: Part 13: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 13 (Version Controlling Using Git and GitHub in a DevOps Perspectives) Part 14: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 14 (Why Need Networking, What Theoretical and Practical Knowledge Should Know) DevOps Shell Scripting (Photo Credit: Unsplash) Story: Rasel has tried to explore the DevOps philosophy, Linux, VMs and codified VM management, programming, and others stuff until now. After all of his learning and studying real-world case studies, he came to the realization that DevOps practice is all about automating repetitive day-to-day tasks. And Shell/Bash scripting keeps taking its prestigious place. That’s why Rasel decided to explore Shell/Bash scripting now. ...

Other Parts of This Series: Part 12: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 12 (Dissection Important Part of Vagrantfile) Part 21: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 21 (Shell Scripting - Tool For Automation Repetitive Task) DevOps Version Control (Photo Credit: Unsplash) Story: Rasel already learned coding in Golang, some basic scripting using Linux commands, and VM automation using Vagrant. All of them need to be stored with better change control and version control. Though Rasel is a software engineer and used to working with version control tools like Git and GitHub, he wanted to explore Git and GitHub in a DevOps perspectives. So he did so. ...

Other Parts of This Series: Part 11: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 11 (Virtualization, VM, and Automation VM Using Vagrant) Part 13: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 13 (Version Controlling Using Git and GitHub in a DevOps Perspectives) DevOps Vagrant (Photo Credit: Unsplash) Story: Rasel explored the virtualization and virtual machine. First he learned to create a virtual machine in a manual manner using VirtualBox, where all the machine configuration was done manually by installing a user interface. Secondly, he learned a way to create and configure virtual machines automatically using a tool called Vagrant. But now Rasel wants to earn the efficiency and understand the Vagrantfile details so that he can use it consciously, not blindly. ...

Other Parts of This Series: Part 10: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 10 (Linux Networking, Compression and Little Scripting for Automation) Part 12: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 12 (Dissection Important Part of Vagrantfile) DevOps Virtualization (Photo Credit: Unsplash) Story: Rasel was a professional .NET (C#) developer thus an avid user of the Windows ecosystem, as we already know. He therefore dual boots his computer with Linux and Windows in order to work, study and practice Linux. However, He discovered that it was challenging and troublesome to practice and work by jumping between OSs. Furthermore, it is not a sensible method of server management. He thus explored and discovered the virtualization process. It provides appropriate isolation and helps in running different operating systems on a single machine. He then made an effort to understand how to manage virtualization in a better, simpler, and more effective manner. ...

Other Parts of This Series: Part 9: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 9 (Linux Package, User Permission, System Process Management) Part 11: DevOps - Step By Step Learning : Part 11 (Virtualization, VM, and Automation VM Using Vagrant) DevOps Linux Networking (Photo Credit: Unsplash) Story: Rasel learned some of the basic and necessary things of linux. Now he wanted to finish his initial linux learning with one of the most important topics like linux networking and service manager. As devOps is heavily related to networking and service management and linux networking commands and systemctl command are essential for them. After that, he wanted to practice his learning with writing a little script. ...